Stargaze: SpaceX's Space Situational Awareness System
(starlink.com)187 points by hnburnsy 2 days ago
187 points by hnburnsy 2 days ago
> they're making Stargaze's data available to other satellite operators free of charge
With so many Starlink satellites odds are that one false move on anyone's part ends up in an incident involving them. Sharing this data makes the field safer for everyone, and Starlink gets to steer clear of any bad news titles.
It will be interesting when multiple parties are using these systems and still failing to communicate out of band. Like trying to pass someone in a hallway who keeps trying to make the same course correction as you until you both make eye contact and come to a real agreement.
> still failing to communicate out of band.
I don't understand countries or operators that do this.
There's no secrets about hardware position and orbit. Even amateur astronomers can track spacecraft.
There's no benefit to trashing orbit from failure to coordinate and cooperate. Any collision in LEO will deny it to everyone for several years.
So who is being insular and why is it to their advantage?
When you're SpaceX and building this[1], others aren't going to try too hard to avoid your satellites..
[1] https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Dome_(missile_defense_syst...
Now I would really love to know who the other operator was.
> In a statement posted on social media late Dec. 12, Michael Nicolls, vice president of Starlink engineering at SpaceX, said a satellite launched on a Kinetica-1 rocket from China two days earlier passed within 200 meters of a Starlink satellite.
> CAS Space, the Chinese company that operates the Kinetica-1 rocket, said in a response that it was looking into the incident and that its missions “select their launch windows using the ground-based space awareness system to avoid collisions with known satellites/debris.” The company later said the close approach occurred nearly 48 hours after payload separation, long after its responsibilities for the launch had ended.
> The satellite from the Chinese launch has yet to be identified and is listed only as “Object J” with the NORAD identification number 67001 in the Space-Track database. The launch included six satellites for Chinese companies and organizations, as well as science and educational satellites from Egypt, Nepal and the United Arab Emirates.
> react within an hour of the maneuver being detected
I'm curious at what steps were involved took an hour. Running the calculations should be quick (computers are fast), as is transmitting commands.
This sounds like there's human in the loop that had to make decisions.
Orbital mechanics can be somewhat counterintuitive.
If you want to change the altitude of your orbit at a certain place, the most efficient place for that is generally when you're on the other side of the planet from that place.
In low earth orbit it takes about 90 minutes to go around the planet, so a small nudge 45 minutes before the potential intercept is going to be vastly more efficient than a big shove when the collision is 5 minutes away.
Starlink uses high efficiency ion thrusters so it has to do small nudges anyway..
So I would not be surprised if most of that hour is spent waiting for the right time to fire the thrusters.
Maybe I misinterpreted the statement - I thought it was talking about the time from detection to sending the command to the satellite, not the time until the satellite actually took action.
Seems like a generally good idea, the satellites already need to use star trackers, they need an almanac of what should be there so deviations need to be tracked.
I can entirely see the military perspective though, this is almost a direct challenge for any adversary that any maneuver you perform, we will know about it.
The Space Force already tracks satellites (and debris). I imagine this is more of an improvement for small debris such as bolts, etc.
If you're familiar with the technical specs, I'd be interested in hearing what size of objects the star trackers can sense and at what range. In theory the fancier star trackers can see objects around 10 cm diameter hundreds of kilometers away, without needing to worry about a pesky atmosphere [1], but I don't know how sensitive the sensors on Starlink's current generation satellites are, and this web site isn't saying.
They're mostly touting the improvement in latency over existing tracking, from delays measured in hours to ones measured in minutes. Which is very nice, of course, but the lack of other technical detail is mildly frustrating.
[1] https://www.mit.edu/~hamsa/pubs/ShtofenmakherBalakrishnan-IA...
There's an interesting podcast covering space situational awareness from RUSI (Royal United Services Institute, UK). Link: https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/eyes-in-orbit-space-si...
Didn't the Pentagon give SpaceX a bunch of money a while back? Any chance this was developed alongside, or as a component of, military applications?
Getting 30,000 new eyes in the sky actively monitoring objects in orbit seems pretty appealing if that's your theater...
How does this compare in scope and quality to traditional tracking networks (ground or space based)?
DARPA from long back had a project for tracking space debris related to this. I have an impossibility proof and some other math after many years of thinking about this problem which proves that what they really need (and have explicitly asked for) is impossible but also how theoretically close to it we could get. Hoping to publish soon but working on other things.
Quite common for a sat to have 3 star trackers so it is possible just starlinks
"To maximize safety for all satellites in space, SpaceX will be making Stargaze conjunction data available to all operators, free of charge, via its space-traffic management platform."
Many people don't still realize it, but the problem of low orbit debris is only getting worse. So, this is a really nice gesture. Thank you, Elon Musk.
SpaceX has a very, very large financial interest in avoiding collisions. Providing this service helps ensure that.
At some point in the future, will there be wars fought in LEO? Seems like a cold war already.
I believe the US and China (and Russia according to the Wendover video [1]) already have anti-satellite weapons to be used in a conflict, but they aren't like "blow this up" because of space debris. I'm not exactly sure how they work, but they aren't what we expect with terrestrial weapons.
This article is a short history of anti-satellite weapons, discussing who has demonstrated their capability: https://www.raf.mod.uk/what-we-do/centre-for-air-and-space-p...
I'm sure I read a more recent account of a satellite moving another satellite around in order to degrade its orbit, but I can only find this 2022 instance: https://www.twz.com/44054/a-chinese-satellite-just-grappled-...
What happens if you have a satellite that takes images of earth and it gets hit with a power beam of light that destroys the sensor so you get no more images of earth? Is that satellite just as dead to you as if it were rapidly disassembled? What happens if your satellite was heated for extended time beyond what it was designed to do? Is that satellite just as dead to you?
Yeah I just watched my own video and was surprised to see exactly that. Because I remember reading somewhere else years ago that an ideal anti-satellite weapon would either de-orbit a satellite (like bumping it off orbit so it burns up) or use some kind of net/capture to push it off orbit, rather than blow it up.
Now this is going to have to be a rabbit hole for me (and some AI) this weekend.
Their test was in a low-ish orbit so most of the debris is gone now.
I haven't looked at stats lately but I'd guess the #1 source of debris in space right now is still the Chinese ASAT test which threw a bunch of crap into Medium Earth Orbit. Before that, the main source of debris was leaking coolant from some nuclear reactors the Soviet sent up
Back in 2020 articles came out on how New Horizons is now so far out that it sees stars differently from its perspective than how we see them on earth.
https://www.space.com/nasa-new-horizons-star-shift-parallax-...
I get the emotion behind this comment (and the previous one you deleted), but putting leadership credit where it's due, 99.999% of the operational and strategic leadership at SpaceX is Gwynne Shotwell's.
She's essentially the CEO, even if not in title. And she does a great job isolating and insulating SpaceX and its staff from the specific tilts of its named CEO.
I 100% agree with that. Shotwell appears to be one of those few great leaders that don't appear to have the need for adulation at every turn (unlike the founder). Musk is lucky to have her.
However, the combined talents of her and her team, the profits they generate, and their accumulated incredible achievements all still accrue to the benefit of said N'azi.
all this tech is nice and dandy n' all but the guy in charge of it is so distasteful that id rather live in a cave with stone tools than rely on any of it.
Would this sort of operational prowess be possible if it weren't for Musk? Will the future be kind and reflect back in the hindsight when Musk dies?
I think it should. Hate it or not he has a proven ability to create environments where people thrive and want to work the hardest they ever have. Moreover, an ability to understand how much money is required to build something alongside the daring to actually try it. Again, I wish he never got into politics, but generally he knows how to build things people want, and uniquely wants to try.
> Will the future be kind and reflect back in the hindsight when Musk dies?
id hazard a guess and say it will, people love to hero worship but he's his own biggest fan. nothing he built wasnt done before in some way. if im being generous id say hes a good integrator of tech, which in itself isnt such a bad thing, if thats all it was.
Uh huh, i get 300mbit burst 200mbit sustained download and 20mbit sustained upload, midday, from a forest in the dead center of louisiana. oh and with a consistent 59ms ping to our DC on the east coast (not aws), 24/7, over millions of pings.
can you tell me what other provider is doing that? for $120 a month? Were you thinking of hughesnet? because that was ADSL speeds with 20 times the latency. seriously, upwards of 1000ms round trip time.
yes, a century and a quarter ago there were electric cars. that went 15 units per hour for 20 minutes or whatever. Then Saturn EV-1 by GM was lease only, i wanted to own one and was unable to. what happened between the EV-1 and Tesla that made it to mass market? was there a fEV that i am not aware of that had sales numbers similar to Tesla's?
is it about the flamethrower? those already existed. So did tunnels. I guess you got me.
too bad all this is buried.
you missed my point but im glad your enjoying those things
I usually don't comment on politically charged topics (because I don't shit where I eat), but the amount of champagne socialists around here is borderline Reddit and its negatively influencing the discoverability of the news I'm coming here to see.
Like... SpaceX is the world leader in rocket and satellite tech. This site is supposed to be about tech. Not to mention that the article itself is really interesting. Yet you come in here and dump your musky load like it's a public toilet. What the hell is wrong with you.
I wonder what you have to say about our new generation fertilizers and vaccines.
I was just having this discussion in the other thread where people were blatantly lying about Tesla because they hate Elon Musk. Hate him all you want, but his companies are truly successful.
I was just thinking about that the other day while relaxing in my Hyperloop pod from Los Angeles to San Francisco. I was reminiscing about how I'd avoided all the traffic in LA by using the Boring Company's tunnels in my second-generation Tesla Roadster. I'd been in LA for a conference about the hugely successful Starship space launch system, which has revolutionized cost to orbit with fully reusable second stages. When I got to San Francisco, I hopped in a Tesla fully self-driving robotaxi, and when I got home, my Optimus robot served me tea after I instructed it to do so using my Neuralink probe. I then sent a video voicemail to my parents, who live in a city of 1 million people on Mars, which has recently been terraformed. I flipped on CNN and was gratified to see that, for the first time in 25 years, the US government was operating at a surplus, thanks to the $2T of annual savings delivered by DOGE.
Good-faith products that launched, were bad ideas, and failed. Musk is absolutely unique in world history for the sheer number of fake products he's used to garner investment (mostly from the government if we're being honest) and then line his own pockets. If Trump is Darth Vader, Musk is The Emperor.
Starship is iterating fast and flying in another 5 weeks. Boring company is executing slowly but steadily, the Vegas tunnel is progressing. Unsupervised robotaxis has started in Austin. Optimus started a few years ago only, it is disingenuous to expect it to be available immediately. Neuralink has 18 patients now. Mars is happening, Elon never promised it will be possible this decade.
Your comment makes it seem that Elon's companies have done nothing. I know you are being disingenuous, but I am trying my luck to respond.
Who knew that Big Brother would name himself after a 1990s movie about a completely different premise?
Casey Handmer was speculating that they could use these Starlink images to detect Near-Earth Asteroids using star occultations:
https://x.com/CJHandmer/status/2017124903057838374
You basically have thousands of cameras taking constant images of the sky. If you could upgrade the cameras, you could deploy a continuous all-sky astronomical survey as a by-product.
Rough estimate on the cost delta for the camera upgrades?
No idea--but he thinks the asteroid detection could be done even without an upgrade, assuming current cameras can see down to magnitude 7 (which is not that faint--human eye should be able to see down to 7 or 8 in space).
This seems necessary and desirable, but pretty much a government function. I can't see how simple good-faith cooperation prevents abuse.
Possible abuses:
(1) Use the information to actually interfere or collide with satellites
(2) Use the information to track secret satellites by excluding traces from non-secret ones
(3) Free riders gaining secondary access without providing data
(4) Use access to this when traffic is more contended to enforce hegemony
(5) Anti-competitive coordination under the rubric of cooperation
And while the system might be helpful under ordinary peacetime conditions, will it make a war more or less destructive?
It's silly that NASA is planning for Mars and the moon but hasn't already solved this coordination problem on a world scale.
NASA already provides publicly accessible tracking data. They don't have 30,000 star trackers in orbit though, whereas the world's largest satellite constellation does and therefore has a lot more data points.
Honestly, these two paragraphs are one of the most compelling things they could possibly say in a press release:
> Stargaze already has a proven track record in its utility for space safety. In late 2025, a Starlink satellite encountered a conjunction with a third-party satellite that was performing maneuvers, but whose operator was not sharing ephemeris. Until five hours before the conjunction, the close approach was anticipated to be ~9,000 meters—considered a safe miss-distance with zero probability of collision. With just five hours to go, the third-party satellite performed a maneuver which changed its trajectory and collapsed the anticipated miss distance to just ~60 meters. Stargaze quickly detected this maneuver and published an updated trajectory to the screening platform, generating new CDMs which were immediately distributed to relevant satellites. Ultimately, the Starlink satellite was able to react within an hour of the maneuver being detected, planning an avoidance maneuver to reduce collision risk back down to zero.
> With so little time to react, this would not have been possible by relying on legacy radar systems or high-latency conjunction screening processes. If observations of the third-party satellite were less frequent, conjunction screening took longer, or the reaction required human approval, such an event might not have been successfully mitigated.
Looks like a non-trivial upgrade to previous systems, and they're making Stargaze's data available to other satellite operators free of charge. Nice!