Comment by lukev
> I imagine there are multiple branches of philosophy, linguistics and cognitive sciences that studied this perspective in detail, but unfortunately I don't know what they are.
You're looking at Structuralism. First articulated by Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics published in 1916.
This became the foundation for most of subsequent french philosophy, psychology and literary theory, particularly the post-structuralists and postmodernists. Lacan, Foucault, Derrida, Barthes, Deleuze, Baudrillard, etc.
These ideas have permeated popular culture deeply enough that (I suspect) your deep thinking was subconsciously informed by them.
I agree very much with your "Chomsky was wrong" hypothesis and strongly recommend the book "Language Machines" by Leif Weatherby, which is on precisely that topic.
What hypothesis of Chomsky are you guys talking about? If it is about innateness of grammar in humans then obviously this can not be shown wrong by LLMs trained on a huge amount text.