Comment by addaon
Yep. The state where the capacitor is fully floating relies on non-obvious details. Recall that a (real) transistor has a rated maximum voltage that it can block. But when the (ideal) transistors are opened, there's no defined voltage relationship between (either side of) the floating capacitor and the rest of the circuit; so if analyzed at this level, its not clear if the transistors are within spec or not. You need to at least think about the parasitics to convince yourself that this is sane... or build it with real parts and see that it works.
Indeed. That's why the MAX232 is such an impressive little chip, it was the first time I found an on-chip charge pump in the wild. One of the more interesting uses for charge pumps is loss-free balancing of battery cells. I really like it because contrary to resistive balancing it works with the charge already in the cells by redistributing it.