Comment by xpe

I’ve worked at many companies with market mechanisms of sorts in play enough to matter. As one example, product lines that do better (as evidenced by market feedback) get more clout and revenue and command more influence. As another, there are a wide variety of ad-hoc teams that form not because of hierarchy but because people have learned who they like working with and have seen results with. These are closer to markets than C&C or hierarchical decision making.

Next, to avoid a definitional stalemate and talking past each other, let me try a different angle. If you want to predict what a company will do next, what mix of models do you use upon?

If I were to predict a company’s production choices, I would model them as being very sensitive to costs and changing dynamics to maximize profit . I would not do that when modeling a centrally planned economy. For that I would use longer time scales and do long supply chain analysis in the service of a social welfare function. See what I mean? What am I missing from your POV?