Comment by ipaddr
It won by marketing and the angularjs to Angular breaking change. If they kept going with angularjs or had an upgrade path react wouldn't be default in the enterprise stack. That's all on Google.
Meteor was node framework. jQuery is probably still more popular but it is only a lib. Vue had a Chinese language problem.
React won because a framework by Facebook felt safe.
If every other framework failed because of <insert reason here>, that does indeed sound like React won due to its own merits.