Comment by PaulHoule
"Scripts" in Python, Java and other conventional programming languages (e.g. whatever it is you already use)
Not Bash, not Excel, not any special-purpose tool because the motto of those is "you can't get there from here". Maybe you can get 80% of the way there, which is really seductive, but that last 20% is like going to the moon. Specifically, real programming languages have the tools to format dates correctly with a few lines of code you can wrap into a function, fake programming languages don't. Mapping codes is straightforward, etc.
Yeah programming definitely offers most flexibility if you have that skillset. I'm particularly interested in your 'last 20% is like going to the moon' analogy for special-purpose tools or even Excel/Bash. Do you have any examples off the top of your head of the kinds of transformation or validation challenges that you find fall into that really difficult 20%, where only a 'real programming language' can effectively get the job done?