Comment by dragonwriter

> According to some of the replies in this discussion, even "artist trying to paint from memory" is guilty of infringement

Yes, making a copy or derivative work of something under copyright from memory is infringement, unless it falls under an exception in copyright law such as fair use (which does not categorically apply to everything with "memory" as an intermediary between the original work and the copy/derivative, otherwise, copyright law would never have had any effect other than on mechanical duplication.)