Comment by timr

Comment by timr 3 days ago

22 replies

There is no such thing as proving something "safe". Go back and re-read the parent comment. The important point you are missing is that basically anything can be "linked" to cancer, and if you adopt the argument you are making, there would be nothing left.

Proving something safe is logically equivalent to proving that it is not unsafe, which is the same thing as proving a negative, which cannot be done. I cannot prove there is not a teapot circling Mars, and I cannot prove that even the most inert ingredient, at some dose, will not harm you.

Anyone who has lived in California knows this absurdity more intuitively than most people, because California's stupid laws adopt the logic you are proposing, and basically everything in daily life is labeled as cancer-causing.

lumb63 3 days ago

A lot of folks in child comments are echoing your sentiment that something “cannot be proved safe”. Your argument that proving something is “not unsafe” is proving a negative is fallacious; the same can literally be said about anything (proving something is X is the same as proving it is not not-X). Proving drugs are safe and effective is literally one of the jobs of the FDA. If you do not believe that is possible, then we may as well tear down the entire drug regulatory apparatus. I imagine you and many other commenters will sing a different tune when posed with that suggestion.

So, let’s stop pretending it’s not possible. We require drug companies show their products are safe and efficacious, and there is both a scientific and a legal framework by which we do this. Let’s debate whether or not the same framework should be applied to food additives (I would argue it should) rather than claim it is not possible.

  • refurb 3 days ago

    We require drug companies show their products are safe and efficacious, and there is both a scientific and a legal framework by which we do this.

    We don’t do this.

    What the FDA requires is acceptable safety in light of the benefit provided.

    The FDA approves highly toxic drugs all the time. Including ones with the risk of death. I don’t think anyone would call chemotherapy “safe”.

  • Aloisius 3 days ago

    "Safe" for the FDA means the benefits outweigh the potential risks, not safe in absolute terms.

    If the FDA actually required every drug to be proven safe at any dose for everyone, we'd have no modern drugs.

f1shy 2 days ago

> There is no such thing as proving something "safe".

Is that not what NCAP does?

Or what NTSB and FAA do with aviation?

You can prove that some things are safe. Does not mean infallible, means safe.

tw04 3 days ago

>There is no such thing as proving something "safe". Go back and re-read the parent comment. The important point you are missing is that basically anything can be "linked" to cancer, and if you adopt the argument you are making, there would be nothing left.

Really? You have some studies linking wheat and whole grains to cancer? And I don't mean wheat crops sprayed with glyphosate, just straight up wheat? Raspberries? Strawberries?

The reality is, very little of the actual natural food in our food chain is directly linked to cancer. All the additives we pile on top, on the other hand, are.

I would argue if we can't show a direct benefit to the consumer, it shouldn't be in the food chain. So, what is the direct benefit to a human consuming red-5? "It looks better on store shelves" isn't a direct benefit.

A shelf stabilizer? Sure, plenty of instances that makes a lot of sense. Food coloring that happens to be cheaper than natural alternatives? Just... no.

  • mgraczyk 3 days ago

    Yes, whole grains cause cancer if you make them into bread and toast the bread. The evidence is much stronger than for Red dye No. 3.

    https://www.fda.gov/food/process-contaminants-food/acrylamid...

    Strawberries are also linked to cancer, because they contain sugar.

    https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/62/15/4339/508983...

    Almost all natural foods are linked to cancer. The important question is, how large is the risk?

    Dark toast is obviously much riskier than Red dye No. 3. We should think about that when we consider what to ban.

    • paulryanrogers 3 days ago

      Food isn't sold burnt from store shelves. Of course people may 'toast' it to unsafe levels. That's an educational issue.

      • refurb 3 days ago

        A good example is the cancer causing aflatoxin on peanuts.

        https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidan...

        You could be enjoying some all natural peanuts and be exposing yourself to a highly carcinogenic byproduct of a fungus that grows on them.

        Hell, people were doing that for millennia until some scientists actually discovered it.

      • Aloisius 3 days ago

        Acrylamide is in all baked bread. It's formed during high temperature cooking - like baking.

        Toasting just increases the amount present.

  • rimunroe 3 days ago

    > The reality is, very little of the actual natural food in our food chain is directly linked to cancer.

    Natural things aren't inherently safer. Are alcohol and red meat both considered natural? Alcohol is a group 1 carcinogen (same as tobacco and asbestos) and red meat is group 2A (probably linked to cancer). A cursory search shows some studies linking fish consumption to cancer, though I have no idea how accurate those studies are.

    • 0xbadcafebee 3 days ago

      Fun fact - some things that cause cancer can help prevent cancer. Several studies have concluded that marinading meat in beer significantly reduces the carcinogenic compounds developed by frying or grilling meat.

    • worik 3 days ago

      > Natural things aren't inherently safer.

      Yes they are.

      We have been exposed to, and made adjustments for, things in our environments.

      Novel chemicals have novel effects.

      There are plenty of dangerous natural things, and there are safe artificial things (I suppose).

      But there is a clear basis for eating food that your great grandparents would recognise.

      There is also a slowly mounting volume of evidence that there is something wrong with ultra processed foods, hard to say what, but it is becoming clear they are bad for us.

      So natural things are inherently safer, all else equal

      • nuancebydefault 21 hours ago

        Ultra processed foods are usually unhealthy because of the relative high amount of additives that are 'needed' to proloung their conservation. Those additives can be natural, like sugar and salt, but still are unhealthy in large quantities. Also heating, which can be seen as natural, can proloung conservation, but often have the side effect of chemical reactions into unhealthy molecules.

        The better alternative is to eat non processed food, but only early after reaping. Otherwise the natural (!) chemical reactions like oxidation makes them unhealthy.

        The plants in my garden are all natural. I don't use chemicals. Still half of them contain poison like blueacid.

        Just to say, natural doesn't mean healthy. Processed doesn't mean unhealthy.

      • addaon 3 days ago

        > But there is a clear basis for eating food that your great grandparents would recognise.

        I’m quite confident every health metric is better for the Red-3-eating cohort than the great grandparent cohort. Being a great grandparent is associated with cancer, dementia, and near-unity death rate.

      • lotsofpulp 3 days ago

        Sugar and simple carbs are natural, but are probably the cause of the majority of the world’s healthcare problems.

        • worik 2 days ago

          Sugar is a highly refined product. It is "natural" for a not very useful definition of natural.

          Also I agree that not every thing natural is good. It is a rule of thumb, not a strict rule.

          Mēh! The hippies were right (again): Eat food. Mostly plants. As unprocessed as you can.

    • tw04 3 days ago

      I’ll ignore for a second you completely avoided the point to move the goal posts.

      Alcohol isn’t a natural food, it’s a result of food rotting. Much like rotten meat, you can naturally assume negative side effects

      Red meat has positive benefits from its consumption, as does fish.

      What is the benefit of red5? If aren’t going to address that, I’ll assume you aren’t interested in anything but whataboutism and aren’t actually engaging in a good faith discussion.

      • rimunroe 3 days ago

        > I’ll ignore for a second you completely avoided the point to move the goal posts.

        Which goal posts did I move? Directly addressing a foundational claim isn't moving goal posts. You said that very few natural foods are directly linked to cancer. That's demonstrably false, as red meat almost certainly is. To your next point:

        > Alcohol isn’t a natural food, it’s a result of food rotting.

        I genuinely have no idea what you mean by natural then. At what point does something become unnatural? Alcohol certainly occurs in nature quite a bit, and I don't know that I'd call all the instances "rotting". Leavening bread with yeast produces noticeable amounts of alcohol. Orange juice famously contains a surprisingly high level of alcohol.

        > Red meat has positive benefits from its consumption, as does fish.

        Of course they do and that's why I never claimed they didn't. I would assume all foods have health benefits (beyond the obvious one of course). However, you claimed that most natural foods don't have links to cancer in particular.

        > What is the benefit of red5?

        I only just realized you said "red 5" earlier. I assume you're referring to red 3 (erythrosine), though I don't think the specific dye matters here.

        > If aren’t going to address that, I’ll assume you aren’t interested in anything but whataboutism and aren’t actually engaging in a good faith discussion.

        I'm not an expert on the dye in question and know little about it so I purposely didn't comment on it. I don't think I need to do so in order to address your central claim, which seems to be--and correct me if I'm wrong--that to lower our cancer risk we shouldn't add things to our food chain which aren't naturally in our food chain. That claim relies on 1) being able to distinguish what is natural to our food chain, and 2) for natural things being less likely to cause cancer than unnatural things. I believe 2 is flawed for the reasons I already gave. 1 is a famously thorny subject. Even pre-history human diets were varied enough for adaptations for different regions to evolve.

        Anyway, I'm an idiot on the subject of dyes but if you want my argument: adding regulations isn't a zero-cost thing. We shouldn't add them without solid justification. I don't have enough knowledge about this subject to know whether or not such justification exists for the red dye in question here. However, your proposed alternative doesn't sound well-defined enough to be argued without you being clearer about what you mean.

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