Comment by lxgr
They can; this usually shows up with a remark of "separate tickets".
There are considerable caveats when doing that – it's generally not advisable for connecting flights (you're essentially on the hook for missed connections etc.), and even just for separate outbound and return tickets it can mean trouble (e.g. if the outbound flight is cancelled, there is no obligation for the separate ticket to be refunded to you).
"separate tickets" are for 2 1-way tickets instead of a round-trip, not splitting a 1-way across a connection.